N-(2,2-Dimethyl­propano­yl)-N′-(2-meth­oxy­phen­yl)thio­urea

In the title compound, C13H18N2O2S, the carbonyl­thio­urea fragment is nearly planar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0096 Å. The dihedral angle between carbonyl­thio­urea group and the benzene ring is 19.16 (16)°. There are two intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which lead to two pseudo-six-membered rings. Weak intra­molecular C—H⋯S hydrogen bonding also occurs

N-(4-Chloro­butanoyl)-N′-(2-fluoro­phen­yl)thio­urea

In the title compound, C11H12ClFN2OS, the asymmetric unit consists of two indenpendent mol­ecules. Both mol­ecules maintain a trans–cis configuration of the positions of the butanoyl and fluoro­phenyl groups with respect to the thiono group across their C—N bonds and are stabilized by classical intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯O, C—H⋯S and N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into infinite chains along the c axis

1,2-Bis[N′-(2,2-dimethyl­propionyl)thio­ureido]cyclo­hexa­ne

In the title compound, C18H32N4O2S2, the dihedral angle between the two thio­urea groups is 78.55 (7)°. The mol­ecular conformation is stabilized by intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and the crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming centrosymmetric dimers

Knowledge, attitudes, practices and health beliefs toward Leptospirosis among urban and rural communities in Northeastern Malaysia

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution, especially in developing countries such as Malaysia. This study was designed to explore the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices (KABP) toward leptospirosis among the communities in northeastern Malaysia and to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with the KABP toward leptospirosis. A cross-sectional study using a stratified sampling method was conducted among 214 individuals in four locales in northeastern Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 214 respondents in northeastern Malaysia using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. The study population was divided into two groups based on geographical locations: urban and rural. All data were entered and analyzed using the IBM Statistics for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 software for Windows (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). The continuous variables were presented using mean and standard deviation (SD), whereas the categorical variables were described using frequency and percentage. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the associated factors for good KABP toward leptospirosis among the respondents. Results: It was found that 52.8% of respondents had good knowledge, 84.6% had positive attitudes, 59.8% had positive beliefs, and 53.7% had satisfactory practices. There were no significant sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge and practice, except for educational status, which was significant in the attitude and belief domains. Those with higher education exhibited better attitudes (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.329; 95% Coefficient Interval (CI): 1.140, 9.723; p = 0.028) and beliefs (OR 3.748; 95% CI: 1.485, 9.459; p = 0.005). The communities in northeastern Malaysia generally have good knowledge and a high level of positive attitude; however, this attitude cannot be transformed into practice as the number of people with satisfactory practice habits is much lower compared to those with positive attitudes. As for the belief domain, the communities must have positive beliefs to perceive the threat of the disease. Conclusions: Our current health program on preventing leptospirosis is good in creating awareness and a positive attitude among the communities, but is not sufficient in promoting satisfactory practice habits. In conclusion, more attention needs to be paid to promoting satisfactory practice habits among the communities, as they already possess good knowledge and positive attitudes and beliefs

Seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies among market workers and food handlers in the central state of Malaysia

Objective:The high prevalence of leptospirosis in humans is of great public health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of leptospiral antibodies and distribution of serovars, and to assess the usefulness of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a screening method for leptospiral antibodies in a high-risk healthy community. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 231 market workers and food handlers in wet markets and food premises from two localities in central Malaysia. Respondents' background information was obtained using a questionnaire. Serum samples were tested for leptospiral antibodies using ELISA and microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Results: Seroprevalence of leptospirosis among healthy workers was 46.3%. Detection of seropositivity was higher by MAT (46%) than ELISA (15%). We observed high seropositivity among local workers (49%), food handlers (49.5%), females (60.8%) and those aged 34 years and older (46.3%). Local strain LEP175 was the predominant serovar, followed by WHO strain Patoc. Conclusion: Overall seroprevalence among healthy food handlers and market workers was high in this study. The workplace places susceptible individuals at risk of leptospirosis

Domestic violence and decision-making power of married women in Myanmar: analysis of a nationally representative sample

BACKGROUND: Women in Myanmar are not considered decision makers in the community and the physical and psychological effect of violence makes them more vulnerable. There is a strong negative reaction, usually violent, to any economic activity generated by women among poorer and middle-class families in Myanmar because a woman's income is not considered necessary for basic survival. OBJECTIVE: Explore the relationship between domestic violence on the decision-making power of married women in Myanmar. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: National, both urban and rural areas of Myanmar. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from the Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey 2015-16 were used in this analysis. In that survey, married women aged between 15 to 49 years were selected for interview using a multistage cluster sampling technique. The dependent variables were domestic violence and the decision-making power of women. Independent variables were age of the respondents, educational level, place of residence, employment status, number of children younger than 5 years of age and wealth index. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Domestic violence and decision-making power of women. SAMPLE SIZE: 7870 currently married women. RESULTS: About 50% respondents were 35 to 49 years of age and the mean (SD) age was 35 (8.4) years. Women's place of residence and employment status had a significant impact on decision-making power whereas age group and decision-making power of women had a relationship with domestic violence. CONCLUSION: Giving women decision making power will be indispensable for the achievement of sustainable development goals. Government and other stakeholders should emphasize this to eliminate violence against women. LIMITATIONS: Use of secondary data analysis of cross-sectional study design and cross-sectional studies are not suitable design to assess this causality. Secondly the self-reported data on violence may be subject to recall bias. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None

Enabling Factors for the Successful Implementation of the CBAHI Accreditation Program

Abdulaziz Alsaedi,1 Surianti Sukeri,2 Najib Majdi Yaccob3 1Department of Medical Services, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Madinah, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia; 3Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Surianti Sukeri, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Tel +60 193640963, Email [email protected]: Healthcare organizations worldwide tend to implement hospital accreditation programs to improve the quality of care they provide. However, the literature shows inconsistent findings on the impact of such programs on the quality of care due to improper implementation of accreditation programs.Purpose: This study explored the enabling factors for the effective implementation of the Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions (CBAHI) program in the Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.Methods: This qualitative study involved 22 professionals from five CBAHI-accredited MOH hospitals in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. A purposive sampling technique was applied, and data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis approach was applied to the interview transcripts.Results: Four themes and 11 subthemes emerged. The emerging themes included the development of human capital, resolving quality management issues, ensuring the availability of resources, and strategizing CBAHI-specific solutions.Conclusion: The current study fills this knowledge gap by identifying the factors leading to the effective implementation of the CBAHI accreditation program in the MOH hospitals. Only the effective execution of the CBAHI will increase healthcare quality and, as a result, justify the significant resources and efforts invested in these programs. Future research should replicate similar study in other governments or private hospitals.Keywords: hospital accreditation, enabling factors, CBAHI, quality of car

Impact of the Accreditation Program of the Saudi Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions on the Safety Dimension of the Institute of Medicine Quality

Abdulaziz Alsaedi,1 Surianti Sukeri,2 Najib Majdi Yaccob,3 Abdulhadi Almazroea4 1Medical Services, NGHA, Madinah, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; 3Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; 4Medical College, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Najib Majdi Yaccob, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia, Tel +6097673000, Fax +6097673370, Email [email protected]: Although hospital accreditation is recognized as a tool for improving healthcare, there are inconsistent results regarding its impact on healthcare quality. In Saudi Arabia, it is mandatory for all Ministry of Health (MOH) hospitals to be accredited by the Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions (CBAHI).Purpose: This study measured the impact of the CBAHI accreditation program on the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) safety dimension in Madinah.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using retrospective data gathered from a review of hospital records over 60 months (ie, 12 months before, 36 during, and 12 post-accreditation). The data were analyzed using piecewise (segmented) regression analysis.Results: The three indicators (ie: incident reports, medication errors, and nosocomial infection) were continuously improved compared to the data before accreditation, as a results of implementing the CBAHI accreditation program. Therefore, the CBAHI had a significantly positively impacts on MOH hospitals’ safety dimension.Conclusion: Complying with the CBAHI standards can help reduce the rates of incident reports, medication errors, nosocomial infections, and post-admission mortality. This study provides insight for MOH hospitals and opportunities to expand the accreditation program to improve the quality of healthcare services.Keywords: healthcare, hospital accreditation, quality of care, safety, Saudi Arabi

Bis{N-[methoxy(4-methylbenzamido)methyl]-2,4-dimethylanilinido-κ2N,O}copper(II)

In the centrosymmetric mononuclear title complex, [Cu(C18H20N2O2)2], the CuII atom is four-coordinated in a trans-CuN2O2 square-planar geometry with the N—Cu—O chelate angle being 89.97 (11)°. The dihedral angles made by the planes defined by the aromatic ring carbons of the 4-methylbenzene and 2,4-dimethylbenzene fragments with the plane defined by the chelate ring are 13.43 (15) and 82.69 (13)° respectively. The angle between the planes defined by the aromatic carbons of the two rings is 89.40 (16)°. A a weak intramolecular C—H...N hydrogen bond occurs